A to Z on Illness

ACNE

Acne is a common disorder of the skin, particularly in males. Often triggered by puberty, acne is characterised by the recurrence of blackheads, whiteheads and cysts, primarily on the face, back and shoulders. Orthodox treatment for acne often involves long-term treatment with antibiotics; this can result in chronic yeast overgrowth (see Candida).

Diet & Lifestyle

The diet should be low in saturated fats and high in fibre. Refined carbohydrates (white bread, sugar), dairy foods and fried foods should be avoided. Animal fats should be kept to a minimum, and the intake of fruit, vegetables and soluble fibre increased. The skin needs to be kept scrupulously clean. Lifestyle is also important, including plenty of rest and regular exercise. Due to the skin's cycle, it is necessary to allow three months following any change in acne care before expecting any improvement.

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ALCOHOL ABUSE

Prolonged heavy drinking is associated with serious health risks, including cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis and liver failure, obesity and severe malnutrition. Binge-drinking, where a large proportion of the week's alcohol allowance is consumed in a single session is equally dangerous. Even moderate drinking may impair nutritional status. Alcohol robs the body of important nutrients, particularly vitamins B, C and E and the minerals zinc, selenium, calcium and magnesium. Alcohol also blocks the conversion of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid into gamma-linolenic acid.

Diet & Lifestyle

Alcohol intake should be reduced to well below The Department of Health's guidelines. A healthy diet, incorporating plenty of fresh fruit, vegetables and fibre is recommended.

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ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that occurs most commonly in those aged over 50 years. It is characterised by deterioration of mental function, memory loss and depression. A number of causes have been suggested including aluminium toxicity, genetic factors, slow virus infection, low serum vitamin B12 levels and insufficient blood-oxygen flow to the brain.

Diet & Lifestyle

A healthy diet, incorporating plenty of unrefined foods, fresh fruit, vegetables and fibre is recommended. Avoid exposure to aluminium (e.g. aluminium saucepans).

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ANAEMIA

Anaemia is characterised by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or haemoglobin (the iron-rich element of red blood cells). Symptoms include general weakness, fatigue, brittle nails, paleness and loss of appetite. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia. It is often associated with blood loss (caused by excessive menstrual bleeding, peptic ulcers, haemorrhoids etc).

Diet & Lifestyle

Good sources of iron include green leafy vegetables, blackstrap molasses, lean meats and dried fruits. Foods which inhibit iron absorption including, coffee, tea and wheat bran, should be avoided.

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ANGINA

Angina is caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle, usually due to a narrowing of the arteries (arteriosclerosis), and results in chest pain.

Diet & Lifestyle

Diet is an important factor in the development and management of this condition. A heart-healthy lifestyle includes a diet that is high in fibre and low in fat (especially saturated fat). Smoking, stress, and a sedentary lifestyle are major risk factors. Aerobic exercise should be increased under medical supervision.

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ARTHRITIS

The two most common forms of arthritis are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis is usually a result of age-related wear and tear‚ in the joints. It can be associated with pain, inflammation and reduced mobility, for which doctors generally prescribe painkillers and anti-inflammatory tablets. These can bring relief to sufferers but are not without unpleasant and unwanted side effects in many people. Rheumatoid arthritis has a similar, often more severe, effect on joints but is caused by a different disease process (autoimmunity).

Diet & Lifestyle

A balanced diet is of benefit for both types of arthritis. Emphasis should be placed on vegetarian foods with oily fish (e.g. herring, mackerel) eggs and low-fat cheese as sources of protein. Red meat may promote inflammation, and should be avoided along with dairy products (which are high in lactic acid), salty or pickled foods, acidic fruits (e.g. berries, citrus fruit), fried foods, tea, coffee, sugar-based drinks and alcoholic spirits. Gentle exercise such as swimming or stretching can help to ease aching joints and muscles.

Useful Supplements

Nutritional supplements that possess anti-inflammatory and pain relief properties may be useful for people with arthritis.

ASTHMA

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition which causes shortness of breath, wheezing and a feeling of suffocation. The main cause of asthma is a release of inflammatory chemicals, including histamine, which results in bronchial constriction. Attacks may be triggered by reactions to food, animal fur, dust mites or chemicals, or due to stress, respiratory infections or pollution.

Diet & Lifestyle

The diet should be low in salt to reduce sensitivity to histamine. Food allergies seem to play an important role in asthma, including reactions to cow's milk, wheat and artificial additives. A vegetarian/vegan diet has been proven to be beneficial in the treatment of asthma. Many sufferers find that keeping dust levels in the home low, and using synthetic pillows and duvets, or ionizers help. Progressive exercise and relaxation techniques can be helpful in some individuals, following medical advice.

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ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Atherosclerosis is caused by an accumulation of fats (largely cholesterol) on artery wails. This results in high blood pressure, weak pulse, narrowing of the arteries, leg cramps and mental deterioration, and is a major risk factor for heart attack. Diet and lifestyle changes are the only effective treatment, and should aim to reduce cholesterol levels and platelet aggregation (the tendency for blood to become sticky resulting in insufficient blood flow and blood clots).

Diet & Lifestyle

The diet should be high in fibre and complex carbohydrates, and low in saturated fats. It is well-established that vegetarians have a much lower risk of developing heart disease. Other risk factors should be avoided including smoking, alcohol, obesity, coffee and stress. Aerobic exercise (e.g. walking or swimming) should be introduced under medical supervision.

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Nutritional supplements that reduce cholesterol levels may be useful for people with atherosclerosis:

BACK PAIN

The spine is essentially the housing unit for our nervous system and the skeletal structure that gives us movement and posture.  It is divided into regions:  the cervical in the neck, the thoracic through the ribcage, the lumbar in the lower back, the sacral in the hip area and the coccygeal where our tailbone would normally be.  Back pain, or dorsalgia, can be from any part of the spine, but most common complaints are from neck problems, upper back and particularly the lumbar region (often known as lumbago).  Back pain can be acute – a duration of less than four weeks, or chronic – greater than 12 weeks in duration.   The pain can be due to any of the muscles supporting the spine, the bones or vertebrae, the joints and sometimes the nerves emanating from the spine.  It should be noted that chronic dehydration can reduce the space between vertebrae, causing spinal stiffness.  Just drinking water on a daily basis may still not be adequate to reverse this dehydration, as it critically depends on electrolytes such as potassium and magnesium.  Where magnesium is lacking, potassium follows, which alters the balance of extracellular sodium and intracellular potassium.  The imbalance of these electrolytes can increase in intracellular calcium, which then exacerbates the high contractability of the spinal muscles, without sufficient magnesium to counteract it.   Potassium deficit, or hypokalaemia, is associated with muscle weakness, cramping and pain.  Unless sufficient magnesium is there to allow the sodium/potassium pump to work, these symptoms will persist.  Normality can only be restored by reversing any dehydration and by alkalising the body, perhaps by using Supergreens,which is a rapid method to increase body alkalinity.

With the nerves, structural problems within the spine can start to compress the nerve.  Often this happens with spinal disc herniation, or ‘slipped disc’.  The disc has not actually slipped, but has bulged outwards, reducing the distance between the two vertebrae and affecting the area around the vertebrae.  This can cause nerve compression, often in the form of sciatica, a relentless neuropathic pain.   Compression and chronic dehydration will cause undefined pains in the legs, even to the feet, and in severe cases, a weakening of the leg muscles, tingling sensations and numbness.  A tear in the disc can release of inflammatory chemicals in the local area, which can cause acute, severe pain, which will probably need short term anti-inflammatory medication.  Any real slippage of the vertebral column can be due to spondylolisthesis, a more rare condition where there is a stiffening of the back and hamstrings.   Osteoarthritisand lumbar spinal stenosis can also be a degenerative source of back pain. 

Medical help should be sought if there is any progressive leg weakness and/or numbness, unexplained weight loss, bladder or bowel incontinence, pain brought on after trauma, previous cancers, or pain sufficient to prohibit sleep.  That being said, the picture of dehydration and lack of magnesium will give a picture of muscle weakness, particularly as it is thought to be linked to muscle loss. 

Of course, trauma or injury such as whiplash can also be a cause, which could be resolved with physiotherapy, osteopathy or chiropractic therapy in the convalescent stage.  However, 98% of back pain is often non-specific and no underlying disease process is found.  There may be inflammation involved but often there are psychosocial reasons behind the onset of back pain.  In the naturopathic point of view, stress can bring on dehydration, impeding proper blood and lymph flow in the spinal area, as well as a loss of magnesium, which will increase the levels of contracting calcium, leading to further stiffness.  If stress is the factor behind the onset of back pain, then ensuring that magnesium is taken with a Vitamin B complex and a source of Omega 3, to enhance absorption of the magnesium.  The B vitamins are also used up rapidly in stress situations.

The degenerative aspects of back pain, such as osteoarthritis and lumbar spinal stenosis can also be down to misplacement of calcium.  In general, calcium is laid down in the joints in osteoarthritis, causing stiffness and pain.  With stenosis, there is calcium laid down within the spinal cord space, causing progressive compression of the spinal cord. This can be in the cervical, thoracic or lumbar regions.  It is mostly due to the ageing process but can also be congenital.  As a rule of thumb, if there is stiffening involved, then acidification and calcium dumping is occurring and there is a greater need to alkalise the body and increase magnesium levels as soon as possible.   Using Omega 3 oils such as Krill Oil, Marine Fish Oil or Flaxseed Oil, will help reduce the inflammation that is occurring and an antioxidant to dampen the destructive actions of free radicals in inflamed tissues.   It is worth noting that it takes time for calcification to occur, so it may take a while for magnesium to reduce the damage.  Supergreens are a good way to effectively alkalise the body and increase our intake of our ‘five a day’.

Pain is a signal that something is wrong, but we are used to suppressing that pain with painkillers.  The downside to this is that these will progressively reduce the body’s magnesium and potassium reserves, as drugs are acidic in nature.  Calcium will be used to reduce that acidity, ironically increasing the pain and stiffness because of its contracting quality.  Since the average British diet is lacking in magnesium (an average of 267mg per day), according to the Government guidelines, which states we require an average of 375mg per day, it is easy to see how a progressive shortfall becomes a more serious deficiency over time.  Another way that magnesium works as a pain reliever is that it also reduces the level of a particular pain neurotransmitter, Substance P.  As alkalinity is key in helping with pain issues, it makes sense to work towards keeping the body alkaline.  Increasing green leafy vegetables, nuts and seeds can be a good way of increasing magnesium levels through the diet.  Fresh vegetable juices are a good way of alkalising the body, but if this is not palatable, using Supergreens powders are also beneficial.  Caffeine from coffee, tea and cola drinks are not only acidic but also dehydrating, which will exacerbate pain.  So, ensuring that the body is hydrated with plenty of water, sipped throughout the day will also help.  Finally, supplementing with magnesium citrate is a good way to increase the body’s levels of magnesium and help towards relieving intractable back pain.

See also - Magnesium Could be the Missing Link To Reducing Nation’s Back Problems

Diet & Lifestyle

Coming soon

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BLOOD PRESSURE, HIGH

High blood pressure (hypertension) is generally associated with diet and lifestyle factors, including high intakes of sodium (salt), sugar, tea, coffee, alcohol and saturated fats. Lack of exercise, smoking and obesity also contribute to high blood pressure. If high blood pressure persists, it can cause kidney disease or stroke, and it is a major risk factor for heart attack.

Diet & Lifestyle

A healthy diet, which places emphasis on potassium rich foods (fruits and vegetables), polyunsaturated fats and fibre, is recommended. Studies have demonstrated that amongst vegetarians, there is a lower incidence of hypertension. Risk factors such as smoking and excess weight should be avoided, and exercise considered, taking into account overall health.

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BRUISES

Bruising occurs when capillaries (small blood vessels) rupture and blood leaks out causing discolouration of underlying tissue; this is usually as a result of falls or bumping into objects. People who are overweight, anaemic or pre-menstrual can be more susceptible to bruising. Sometimes the cause can be an underlying circulatory complaint.

Diet & Lifestyle

A well-balanced diet with plenty of fresh fruit, vegetables and fibre, and minimal saturated fats is recommended.

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CANCER, PREVENTION

Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the western world. It is a term used to describe an abnormal growth of cells which is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors (e.g. stress, chemicals). Normally, the immune system prevents cancers from forming; a healthy diet is necessary to support this surveillance process and may help to prevent cancer.

Diet & Lifestyle

A diet high in the antioxidant nutrients beta carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium is now recognised as one of the most important factors in the prevention of cancer. It is important to maintain a good intake of fibre, fruits, vegetables and grains. The intake of animal protein should be reduced (pulses, beans and soya proteins can be used instead). Polyunsaturated fats should replace animal fats, and tea and coffee should be replaced with herbal teas or mineral water. Other risk factors for cancer are smoking, alcohol, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.

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CANDIDIASIS

Candidiasis (thrush) is a term used to describe overgrowth of Candida, a yeast-like organism. Candida is normally kept under control by "friendly" bacteria in the intestinal tract, but can overgrow under certain conditions. This can occur due to antibiotics, the contraceptive pill, pregnancy, high dietary intake of sugar, or stress. The symptoms include thrush, fluid retention, muscle aches, frequent infections, depression, chronic aches and allergies. Anti-fungal agents may be appropriate for severe cases, but are only a short-term solution.

Diet & Lifestyle

A balanced healthy diet is recommended, including garlic, olive oil, fresh vegetables, wholegrains, oily fish and eggs; meat and poultry should be included in moderation. Sugar, refined foods, alcohol, tea, coffee, smoked/pickled meat or fish products, fermented foods, artificial additives and wherever possible, milk, should be avoided.

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CATARACTS

Cataracts occur when the lens in the eye becomes clouded or opaque, often as a result of free radical damage, resulting in loss of vision and sensitivity to light. The lens normally contains antioxidants (vitamins C and E, and beta carotene) and protective enzymes, which are defences against oxidative damage. Cataracts can occur at any time in life, but they are usually associated with the onset of old age. Surgical intervention can reverse early cataracts but at present there is no treatment for well-developed cataracts.

Diet & Lifestyle

Antioxidants appear to prevent or slow down the damage process. Carotene-rich foods include broccoli and carrots, whilst vitamins C and E are found in fresh fruit and vegetables. Fried and refined foods are a source of free radicals, and should be avoided. Bright sunlight should also be avoided, using sunglasses to protect the eyes.

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CHOLESTEROL, HIGH

Cholesterol plays a vital role in the body. It is involved in the formation of bile, steroid production and vitamin D synthesis. However, excess blood cholesterol is associated with deposits in the blood vessels causing restriction of blood flow, and is a major risk factor for heart attack. In a small number of people, there is an underlying genetic tendency for high cholesterol; in the majority of people, however, it is wholly a result of poor diet.

Diet & Lifestyle

Saturated fat intake is a major cause of high blood cholesterol. A low fat diet is recommended, with polyunsaturated fats such as oily fish, soya, corn and sunflower oils forming the majority of fat intake.

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CIRCULATORY DISORDERS

Inadequate circulation covers a broad range of conditions, including chilblains, Raynauds, restless legs, leg ulcers, cold hands and feet etc. Most circulatory problems arise either from damage to a blood vessel (which can cause a blood clot) or from the narrowing of a blood vessel (usually caused by fatty deposits). Some medical conditions such as diabetes can also result in circulatory problems.

Diet & Lifestyle

A healthy diet that includes plenty of fresh vegetables and fruit, and which is high in fibre and low in saturated fats is recommended.

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COLD SORES

Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus (type 1) which produces an infection of the mouth, gums and skin. The virus lies dormant in the nerve ganglia and recurs following periods of stress, infection or exposure to the sun. A healthy immune system is of paramount importance in the control of infections and in the prevention of cold sores.

Diet & Lifestyle

A healthy diet is recommended. Arginine-rich foods (e.g. almonds, bacon, chicken, chocolate, peanuts, seeds and cereals) should be avoided, since this amino acid is believed to favour the growth of the herpes simplex virus. In contrast, lysine appears to inhibit the replication of the virus. Stress and known allergens (which compromise the immune system) should be avoided, as should direct sunlight (sun-block should be used on the mouth area).

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COLDS, FLU AND SORE THROATS

Cold and flu viruses (collectively known as respiratory viruses) cause symptoms including sore throat, blocked and runny nose, fever, headache, lethargy, muscle ache, coughs and sneezes. The duration of symptoms depends on the type of virus and the health of the immune system. A healthy immune system can also reduce the risk and extent of secondary bacterial infections (chest infections and sinusitis). There are many different strains of virus, so it is impossible to be vaccinated against them all. These viruses are more prevalent in the winter time; closed rooms and heating systems mean the virus is more easily spread from person to person.

Diet & Lifestyle

A diet high in fresh vegetables and unrefined foods is recommended, avoiding processed foods, tobacco and too much alcohol. There are many products available to help ease the symptoms of these viruses, including mentholyptus, throat sweets, and different forms of paracetamol.

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CONSTIPATION

Constipation (retained faeces) can be due a variety of causes including a lack of dietary fibre, drugs, irritable bowel syndrome, dehydration, diverticular disease, stress, depression, periods of immobility and pregnancy. Long term use of laxatives, whilst giving immediate relief, do not deal with the root of the problem and may merely perpetuate the problem.

Diet & Lifestyle

It is now well established that a low fibre diet is one of the main causes of constipation. The Department of Health recommends 30 g of fibre per day. Fibre intake can be increased by including plenty of vegetables, fruit, wholegrains, beans, nuts and seeds in the diet. The intake of refined foods, fats, sugars and sometimes milk should be reduced. Increased fluid intake (6-8 glasses of water per day) and regular exercise may also promote good bowel habits.

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CYSTITIS

Cystitis is a urinary tract infection, causing burning sensations and pain during urination, and increased urinary frequency. It is mostly caused by the bacteria E. coli which sticks to the bladder wall. Antibiotics are often the first choice in acute cystitis, but do not help with the problem of recurrent attacks.

Diet & Lifestyle

Fluid intake should be high, especially during attacks (e.g. 5 pints per day of mineral water or diluted fruit juice). Sugary foods, refined carbohydrates and alcohol should be avoided, as should perfumed toiletries and soaps. Cranberry and other plant members of the Vuccinium family help to prevent bacteria from adhering to the bladder, and are especially used for preventing recurrence. Often overlooked is the possibility of Candida albicans (yeast) overgrowth, following antibiotic therapy.

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DEPRESSION

Depression is more than just feeling "fed up." The cause of depression is not always clear but it may be physiological (such as an under-active thyroid gland or food allergy) or emotional (such as stress, marital difficulties, unemployment or bereavement). The symptoms can range from a loss of interest in work, relationships and hobbies to a totally debilitating disease. Depressed individuals may resort to junk food (which is of little nutritional value) and comfort eating, or may skip meals altogether.

Diet & Lifestyle

It is important to eat a well-balanced diet; along with regular exercise this can promote feelings of well-being. Over-reliance on stimulants such as caffeine, alcohol, and sugar-rich foods should be avoided, as should smoking. Medical advice can identify any physiological cause, and counselling may be necessary if the problem is an emotional one.

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DIVERTICULITIS

In the western world, diverticular disease affects one in ten people over the age of forty, and one in three people over the age of sixty. There is strong evidence to suggest that low fibre diets are to blame for this disease. A low fibre diet produces stools of small volume, which are difficult for the bowel to move along the colon. Excessive straining to pass these stools results in high pressure which forces pouches of the bowel lining out through the wall of the gut; these pouches become inflamed and infected causing pain, abdominal swelling, nausea, vomiting and fever.

Diet & Lifestyle

A high fibre diet is recommended, including plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds, beans and pulses. Hot spicy foods, salty foods, tea and coffee should be avoided. A high fluid intake and exercise are also important as these improve circulation and aid bowel movement.

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ECZEMA

Eczema is a common skin condition characterised by dry thickened skin which flakes and forms blisters, and is intensely itchy. Atopic eczema is the most common form of eczema, and is largely confined to childhood although it can recur in later life. Seborrhoeic eczema affects the scalp and face and can develop at any age, whilst irritant contact dermatitis is a skin reaction caused by irritant substances such as acids, disinfectants or reaction to substances such as rubber, glue or preservatives.

Diet & Lifestyle

Sufferers are advised to avoid common sources of irritation (e.g. wool and synthetic fibres, washing powders, nickel, rubber and the house dust mite). Food allergy is an important factor and many sufferers notice an improvement in their symptoms when they eliminate one or more of the following foods from their diet: milk, wheat, red meat, sugar, tea, coffee and alcohol. Instead, the intake of oily fish (such as herring, mackerel and salmon), vegetable oils, nuts, seeds and soya-based foods can be increased. Stress promotes eczema, so relaxation techniques can be considered.

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ENDOMETRIOSIS

Endometriosis is a condition in which the endometrium (womb lining) grows at sites outside the uterus (e.g. the ovaries, fallopian tubes, ligaments, bowel or bladder). This endometrial tissue responds to the natural hormone cycle and sheds blood within these body cavities. Women may exhibit a wide range of symptoms including pain on ovulation, pain during or after sexual intercourse, heavy or irregular bleeding, fatigue, depression, painful bowel and bladder movements, infertility and intestinal upsets. The cause of endometriosis is not clear, but one theory suggests it is due to malabsorption caused by disruption of the gut following long-term treatment with antibiotics or steroids. American research points to a higher incidence of allergic symptoms in sufferers, whilst certain nutritional deficiencies may also play a part in adversely affecting the body's ability to deal with excess levels of oestrogen.

Diet & Lifestyle

Sufferers should be encouraged to follow a diet relatively low in arachidonic acid (animal fats) and high in linoleic and linolenic acids (from vegetable oil sources).

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EYE DISORDERS

There are many eye defects or abnormalities which nutritionists believe can be traced to a deficiency of certain nutrients. Some of the common conditions are detailed below, whilst cataracts and glaucoma have separate listings.

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FATIGUE

There are many causes for fatigue including stress, over-work, lack of sleep, inadequate diet, long term dieting and illness (e.g. ME, Candida, anaemia). Any one or more of these factors can deplete the body of nutrients at a time when its requirements are higher.

Diet & Lifestyle

Adequate rest and relaxation is the best advice. The diet should include plenty of fresh vegetables and fruit together with regular protein (preferably low fat meats, fish or vegetarian alternatives) and complex carbohydrates (such as pasta, potatoes and rice) to provide a steady energy supply. Eating small regular meals can help to maintain constant blood sugar levels. Stimulants such as tea, coffee and alcohol (which only give a temporary boost to energy levels), sugar and smoking, should be avoided.

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FROZEN SHOULDER

See Magnesium Could be the Missing Link To Reducing Nation’s Back Problems

Diet & Lifestyle

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GALLSTONES

Bile is a secretion, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, which emulsifies fats so they can be digested easily. Its solubility is dependant on the correct balance being maintained between cholesterol, bile acids, phosphatidyl choline and water. If this balance is disrupted (e.g. increase in cholesterol or reduction in bile acids) cholesterol is precipitated and stones form. Some of the symptoms of gallstones include nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, bloating and discomfort following a heavy meal of fatty or fried foods. Gallstones are largely attributed to the western diet of low fibre, highly refined foods; this results in a reduction in bile acid levels which are essential for keeping cholesterol soluble.

Diet & Lifestyle

Dietary fibre has been found to decrease the formation of deoxycholic acid and promote its excretion through faeces, thereby increasing the solubility of cholesterol in the bile. A vegetarian diet has been shown to be protective against gallstone formation, probably due to the higher fibre content. Fibre, both insoluble and soluble, can be increased by eating more fruit, vegetables, beans, pulses, nuts, pectin, guar gum.

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GLAUCOMA

Glaucoma is characterised by an increase in pressure of the fluid within the eye and hardening of the surface of the eyeball. Changes to nerve fibres and blood vessels in the eye may contribute to inner eye pressure.

Diet & Lifestyle

A healthy diet is recommended, with decreased meat and dairy product consumption, and increased intake of vegetarian sources of protein, cold water fish and eggs. Fresh fruit and vegetables should be increased to five servings daily. Exercise (a 30 minute-long brisk walk every day) can reduce eye pressure.

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GOUT

Gout is characterised by an excess of uric acid in the blood and deposits of uric acid crystals in joints, especially fingers and toes. These crystals cause the joint to become inflamed, associated with intense pain. Factors such as increasing age, obesity and poor diet increase susceptibility to gout.

Diet & Lifestyle

Alcohol and refined carbohydrates should be avoided since these increase uric acid production, and purine-rich foods such as organ meats, shellfish, meat, herrings and sardines should be avoided. A healthy diet is recommended, incorporating complex carbohydrates (e.g. pasta, rice, potatoes) and plenty of fluids; this helps prevent the build up of crystals in the kidneys. A weight reduction programme can reduce uric acid levels and prevent gout attacks.

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GUM DISEASE

Gum disease is most widespread amongst middle-aged people, although it can develop at any age. It is characterised by red, inflamed gums (gingivitis) or in more severe cases, involves the bone around the teeth (periodontitis). In the most severe cases, gums recede and teeth fall out. Poor dental hygiene, which fails to remove bacteria and their toxic products from the tooth-gum boundary, is the main cause of gum disease; other risk factors may include amalgam fillings and smoking.

Diet & Lifestyle

A healthy diet is recommended, including high fibre levels to stimulate salivary secretion. Sugar intake should be reduced, since this is known to aid plaque formation. Improved dental hygiene habits, and dental supervision, are essential.

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HAEMORRHOIDS

Haemorrhoids (piles) are swollen, inflamed veins in the anus or rectum, resulting in itching, bleeding and pain. Causes include a genetic weakness of the veins, pregnancy, and prolonged periods of standing or sitting. A low fibre diet puts an increased strain on the muscles during bowel movements and weakens the veins causing haemorrhoids to form. Topical treatments such as suppositories and ointments generally only provide temporary relief from symptoms.

Diet & Lifestyle

The primary treatment for haemorrhoids is prevention. Adequate fluid intakes and a high fibre diet (e.g. vegetables, fruits, beans, pulses, wholegrains) are crucial for the maintenance of proper bowel movements, encouraging peristalsis and reducing straining during defecation. Bulking agents such as psyllium seed and oat bran can be useful because they have a mild laxative action.

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HAIR PROBLEMS

Healthy hair is dependant upon good blood circulation and nutrition. In women, deficiencies of certain nutrients (including iron and zinc) are associated with poor hair growth. Certain drugs, including the contraceptive pill, as well as stress and pregnancy, can cause hair loss. There is no effective treatment for hair loss in men, or greying hair in either sex. Dull, dry, lustreless hair can indicate a protein deficiency or lack of vitamin A.

Diet & Lifestyle

Regular exercise is known to improve general well-being and reduce stress. The diet should include plenty of vegetables, fibre and fresh fruit, whilst sugar, refined carbohydrates, alcohol and excessive consumption of animal fats should be avoided.

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HEPATITIS

Hepatitis is a liver disease which causes nausea, fatigue, fever, dark urine and jaundice, usually caused by viral infection (viral hepatitis, types A and B).

Diet & Lifestyle

During acute attacks, bed rest is essential. Alcohol, saturated fats, fried oils and animal fats increase the toxin content in the liver and gall bladder, and should be avoided, as should refined foods (particularly those laden with sugar). A high fibre diet helps to eliminate bile acids and toxic bile substances from the liver.

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HYPERACTIVITY

The term "hyperactive" is often applied to children who are restless, excitable, have a short attention span, cry frequently or who have frequent temper tantrums. Food allergy has been implicated as a major contributory factor in some children, along with exposure to chemicals and nutrient deficiencies.

Diet & Lifestyle

The most common food allergies include cow's milk, food preservatives and colourings, chocolate, eggs, citrus fruits and wheat. A healthy balanced diet is essential to promote healthy growth and development of body and brain. Exposure to solvents contained in aerosols, felt tip pens and cleaning fluids should be minimised.

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IMPOTENCE

Impotence (or erectile dysfunction) is the term used to describe the condition experienced by men who cannot acquire or maintain an erection during 75% of sexual intercourse attempts. Anything that limits blood flow to the penis can cause impotence, including smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, alcoholism, drug abuse and many commonly prescribed medications. Impotence is more common as men get older, and can also be associated with depression and stress.

Diet & Lifestyle

An overall healthy lifestyle is recommended. Regular exercise is known to improve general well-being and reduce stress. The diet should include plenty of vegetables, fibre and fresh fruit, whilst alcohol should be avoided. A weight reduction programme may help if this is a problem, whereas counselling can help if the problem has a psychological basis.

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INDIGESTION

Indigestion (upset stomach or dyspepsia) usually happens when people eat too much, too fast, or foods that don't \"agree\" with them. Indigestion may also be the result of insufficient or excessive secretion of digestive enzymes or stomach acid, the shape of the digestive organs, hernia (hiatus) or may be stress-related. Since it can affect the absorption of nutrients from food, it is important, if possible, to establish the cause.

Diet & Lifestyle

Good eating habits (smaller more regular meals, eating slower, sitting down in relaxed surroundings, sitting with a straight back, not slouching) and avoiding foods known to provoke an attack are the keys to overcoming indigestion. Fats are harder to digest, so it may help to reduce intake in the diet.

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INFERTILITY

The inability of men and women to produce babies can be caused by a variety of factors; some cases have been associated with malnutrition.

Diet & Lifestyle

A healthy diet is recommended, avoiding refined carbohydrates and artificial additive. Smoking and alcohol should also be avoided, whilst regular, moderate exercise may help.

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INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the term used to describe chronic inflammatory diseases of the bowel. There are two major types; Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Crohn's disease is characterised by abdominal pain, diarrhoea, weight loss and fever. Ulcerative Colitis gives rise to inflammation of the colon with diarrhoea, tiredness and lack of energy. IBD can occur at any age but is most frequent between the ages of 15 to 35 years. The exact causes of IBD are unknown, but may include genetics, nutritional deficiencies, immune system malfunction or infectious agents.

Diet & Lifestyle

It is important to ensure the diet is well-balanced. Food allergies have been implicated (especially wheat and dairy). Dietary arachidonic acid should be avoided (mainly red meats), since arachidonic acid is known to cause intestinal cramping and pain. A high fibre diet is often helpful in the treatment of IBD.

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INSOMNIA

Insomnia (inability to sleep) can be caused by factors including tension, emotional upset, caffeine or alcohol consumption, depression, hypoglycaemia and physical pain. Chronic psychological factors need to be addressed either through a stress-reduction programme or counselling.

Diet & Lifestyle

A healthy diet and regular exercise provides well-being and improves sleep quality. Large meals, eaten late at night, and caffeine and alcohol should be avoided, since these impair the quality of sleep.

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IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME

Irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon) is characterised by abdominal cramping, bloating, diarrhoea or constipation, often accompanied by fatigue, depression and anxiety. It is poorly understood, but may be caused by stress, food intolerance or digestive enzyme insufficiency.

Diet & Lifestyle

A healthy diet, including plenty of fibre (30 g daily) and fluids (1–1.5 litres daily) is recommended. Alcohol, coffee, strong spices and food additives which stimulate excessive contraction of the bowel muscles should be avoided. Some people find that symptoms are triggered by particular foods (e.g. wheat, dairy products). Gentle exercises (such as curl-ups) help to strengthen abdominal muscles and promote normal intestinal contractions.

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KIDNEY STONES

Kidney stones (nephrolithiasisor urolithiasis) form when salts in the urine crystalliseout of solution. They result in pain, blood in the urine, urgency of urination, nausea and vomiting. Most kidney stones are formed of calcium-containing material, primarily calcium oxalate. Stones can also be made of other substances, such as uric acid, struvite(magnesium ammonium phosphate), or cystine.

Factors contributing to kidney stone formation vary greatly between individuals, depending on urine pH, diet, genetic background, lifestyle influences and overall stress levels.  Stress can dehydratethe body at a deep cellular level and affect the effectiveness of our sodium potassium pump, leading to an overall increase in cellular pH acidity and overall toxicity.   It’s believed that insufficient potassium levels in the diet, coupled with excess salt (sodium) and excessive levels of inorganic calcium supplementation(particularly calcium carbonate), insufficient consumption of fruit and vegetables and a deficiency in magnesium all play an important part in kidney stone formation.  BothPotassiumand Magnesiumminerals are depleted by the continued use of diureticdrinks such as; tea, coffee, soft fizzy drinks and alcohol.

Diet & Lifestyle

It is very important to drink plenty of fluids, approximately two litres daily; ideally as purified water not unfiltered tap water (do not drink more than a pint in any one hour, take luke warm and sip at regular intervals rather than gulping), fresh green juices help promote the correct alkaline pH at cellular level, or Supergreens powdersare advisable.  However, we recommend that any one suffering with kidney stones should reduce or stop, tea, coffee, soft and fizzy drinks and alcohol,  We also recommend that they avoid salty food and that they do not cook with added salt, and they should avoid the over use of dairy produce.   Kidney stones are strongly influenced by diet; it is vital that dietary changes are undertaken with medical supervision, according to the exact type of stone. If the stone type is oxalate, it may be necessary to reduce intake of oxalic acid found in tea, coffee, spinach, rhubarb and beetroot and limit intake of animal protein. For uric acid stones, a diet high in citrus fruits and vegetables which produces alkaline urine helps prevent stones forming, as a point of interest citrate minerals are noted to protect the body against kidney stone formation.  We also strongly recommend that people with kidney stones avoid supplementing the diet with extra, non organic calcium supplements(particularly high dose ones 1000mg etc), even if accompanied by Vitamin D.

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LEAKY GUT SYNDROME

Leaky gut syndrome is a condition where large spaces develop between the cells of the gut wall causing excessive permeability. Undesirable agents can then cross into the bloodstream such as harmful bacteria (e.g. salmonella), yeasts (e.g. Candida albicans), large allergenic food molecules, toxins and chemicals (e.g. food additives). Malabsorption can also occur; many nutrients have to be actively transported across the gut wall, and these sites can be damaged leading to nutritional deficiency. Leaky gut syndrome has been associated with food allergies (eczema, asthma, migraine), chronic fatigue and autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Multiple Sclerosis)

Diet & Lifestyle

A healthy diet is recommended.

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MOUTH ULCERS

Mouth ulcers are common, and extremely painful. They are usually self-limiting, healing in 7 - 15 days, although they often recur. No single factor is known to be the cause of mouth ulcers, but food allergy (especially gluten) is one possibility, as is stress. Nutrient deficiencies are also implicated since almost 50% of sufferers in one trial were found to have iron, folate or vitamin B12 deficiencies. When these deficiencies were corrected, the incidence of ulcers was reduced.

Diet & Lifestyle

A healthy diet is recommended, incorporating plenty of wholegrains, fruit and vegetables.

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MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the nervous system whereby communication between the brain and other parts of the body is disrupted. Many investigators believe it is an autoimmune disease, caused by the immune system attacking the body's own tissues. Such assaults may be linked to an unknown environmental trigger; perhaps a virus.

Diet & Lifestyle

Diet and lifestyle may have a significant impact on the progression of the illness. A reduction in saturated fat intake and the use of essential fatty acids, as found in evening primrose oil and fish oils, may be of help. Meat intake should be reduced and the antioxidant nutrients vitamin E and selenium are sometimes recommended.

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MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS

Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) is a long-term condition causing a variety of symptoms, the most common of which are fatigue, muscle pain, depression, headaches and mental confusion. A milder form of this condition is called post-viral fatigue syndrome; this usually subsides within a year. The exact cause of ME is not yet fully understood although it seems likely that viral infections or stress precipitate the illness.

Diet & Lifestyle

Rest is essential; a common mistake is to feel better and then relapse when normal activity is resumed. A healthy diet high in fruit and vegetables is recommended, and complex carbohydrates (e.g. rice, pasta, potatoes) ensure steady energy release. Allergies, Candida overgrowth and hypoglycaemia have been associated with ME, so it is advisable to avoid yeasty foods, sugar, artificial additives or chemicals, tea, coffee and alcohol.

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OSTEOPOROSIS

Osteoporosis, or “Brittle Bones” as it is often referred, is caused by the slow loss of bone mineralisation and is primarily seen as a disease of the elderly, although dietary facts earlier in life are noted to have a great influence. It should be noted that demineralisation takes place over many years, and therefore, can take many years to address.  Orthodox nutrition and main stream nutrition see this as a lack of calcium in the bones and often recommend Calcium Carbonate 1000mg and Vitamin D3 400iu.
 

Naturopathic views of this issue

Demineralisation often starts much earlier in life than is currently acknowledge and is possibly something we should all be considering much earlier on. Naturopaths believe this issue is mainly down to the overall alkalinity or acidity of the body, which is believed to effect the placement of key mineral electrolytes, in particular magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium.   Although we normally focus on calcium levels, we would see this as a misplacement of calcium not a deficiency, because the average British Diet (a nutritionally poor diet), already delivers 970mg of calcium, compared to an RDA of 800mg. However, fewer people are aware of the important role magnesium plays in this area of health and yet the average British diet only delivers 267mg daily of magnesium compared to an RDA of 375mg. So in our minds brittle bones are far more likely to be caused by a lack of magnesium, rather than calcium.   As the diet delivers above the RDA level of Calcium (although you can debate optimum levels) and not optimum levels of magnesium, we recommend double the amount of magnesium to calcium or even just magn esium.   Our diet can contribute to our levels of acidity, particularly meat and dairy products, but the common mantra is that we should increase dairy to get our calcium.  In fact, it is far better to get our calcium from green leafy vegetables - after all, where do the cows get it from? 
 
Other nutrients that are noted to play a role in nutrition protecting bone density are: Vitamin D2 or D3 (interestingly they both work as efficiently as each other when it comes to supporting bone density), Zinc, Silica (horsetail), Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Bo ron, Manganese, Copper, Vitamin K, Folic Acid and some form of Essential Fatty acid, Krill oil, EPA Marine Fish oils or Flaxseed Oil.

We believe that these issues manifest themselves after several years of questionable food and life style choices.  We make our bodies slowly become more acidic until a state of cellular dehydration occurs. This in turn effects our ability to detoxify effectively, which can raise the level of the body’s acidity to a point where it leaches calcium from the bone (calcium is alkaline) to reduce the acidity in the body. Key dietary and life style influences are believed to be due to excess levels of sodium in our diet (salt), excessive use of stimulating diuretic drinks (tea, coffee, soft drinks and alcohol), excess stress, lack of sleep and lack of exercise.

It’s also important to avoid the use of seemingly cheap mainstream inorganic nutrient forms like calcium carbonate (chalk) an antacid and magnesium oxide, (a mild laxative). Neither of these forms are at all well utilised by our body (click to see newsletter 3). In fact in some cases on the contrary, calcium carbonate reduces stomach acidity (this part should be acidic) thus reduces the body’s ability to break down food and utilise key nutrients like calcium, magnesium etc. Thus we would not recommend any product containing either of these forms of magnesium or calcium.

The ongoing debates about the levels of supplementation recommended:

There are several articles that would suggest that too much calcium could be harmful.  There are several trials that indicate that it is the over-use of inorganic calcium (Calcium Carbonate)that causes problems for our health, through the calcification of our organs!   We do not have an issue with low levels of organic calcium, if it is supported with at least double the amount of well absorbed organic magnesium.  Ideally both forms would be in the citrate form, which delivers more mineral per citrate unit.  

To understand these debates please see the following articles:

Calcium and Heart Attacks
Calcium and Kidney stones  

Vitamin D2 or 3 and levels suggested: There is much debate about the amount of vitamin D one should be taking alongside calcium supplementation.


Other interesting reading

Calcium and Heart Atta cks
Product Cautions
Vitamin D - More than a ray of Sunshine
Vitamin D Crucial Missing N utrient in Pregnancy
Vitamin D may help asthma a nd allergies
Vitamin D (Ca lciferols)
D2 or D3 – which is the best supplement?
Charities U-Turn on S un Advice

Diet & Lifestyle

There is some evidence that smoking increases the risk of osteoporosis as does excessive coffee and alcohol intake. Physical exercise can prevent bone loss but it must be load bearing (with weight supported by the legs), so the bones are flexed, encouraging calcium to be deposited. Vegetarians have a lower incidence of osteoporosis, perhaps because the diet is lower in protein, as high protein diets can cause calcium excretion.

Useful Supplements

Nutritional supplements that may be useful for people with osteoporosis:

PAIN

Pain is the body's expression of discomfort and it is one of the symptoms of inflammation. The brain produces hormone-like chemicals called "endorphins" (the body's natural pain killers) which block pain signals moving through the nervous system. Researchers have now demonstrated that individual pain tolerance levels are related to the ability to produce these natural pain killers. Orthodox treatments, such as aspirin and paracetamol can work well but generally, they are not without side effects such as nausea, constipation and diarrhoea.

Diet & Lifestyle

There are no specific dietary recommendations for pain relief. However, if it is the result of inflammation it is advisable to keep consumption of foods high in arachidonic acid (such as red meat and dairy products) to a minimum; arachidonic acid is converted to inflammatory prostaglandins.

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PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME

Premenstrual syndrome affects one in three menstruating women and the often ill-defined symptoms can be severely debilitating. It is widespread in the western world but uncommon in less developed societies, suggesting a role for diet and lifestyle.

Diet & Lifestyle

Nutrition, exercise and lifestyle changes can produce excellent results. A high fibre diet containing plenty of vegetables and fruit should be eaten, and intake of refined carbohydrates (sweet foods and white flour) should be restricted. A well-planned exercise programme can also be of benefit.

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PROSTATE ENLARGEMENT

Prostate problems are common in men over fifty years of age; the most common condition is benign prostate hyperplasia, although some are caused by cancer. The prostate gland enlarges, constricting the urethra, making urination difficult. Surgery may be needed to correct the problem but nutrition may also be useful.

Diet & Lifestyle

Alcohol, smoking and caffeine should be avoided as these add to the burden of detoxification on the body. The diet should be low in saturated fat (red meat, full-fat dairy foods, pastry, cakes, biscuits and hard fats) and sugar, and high in fruit and vegetables, with a good supply of essential fatty acids (oily fish, seeds and nuts).

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PSORIASIS

Psoriasis is a common, recurring skin disorder. The skin erupts into red circular patches, covered with dry scales. It is associated with a number of factors including poor fat digestion, liver dysfunction (often from alcohol consumption), bowel problems and stress.

Diet & Lifestyle

If stress is a cause, stress reduction and relaxation techniques may be of benefit. A high fibre diet including a lot of fresh fruit and vegetables may help to promote a healthy bowel; this will improve liver function. Sunlight has also been found to be beneficial for many people.

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ROSACEA

Rosacea appears as a blush or redness on the nose, cheeks and chin, and is most common in middle-aged adults. Reduced gastric output is often implicated.

Diet & Lifestyle

Foods which dilate the capillaries should be avoided (coffee, tea, chocolate, alcohol and spices). Worry and stress can decrease gastric secretion, so relaxation techniques may be beneficial.

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SHINGLES

Shingles is an infection of the nerve endings in the skin caused by a virus (herpes zoster). The condition is characterised by blisters on the skin and severe pain along the nerve involved. Shingles can reoccur during periods of stress, anxiety or as a result of emotional upset.

Diet & Lifestyle

A healthy diet with plenty of fibre and fresh fruit and vegetables is recommended. Relaxation and stress management techniques may be useful.

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SKIN PROBLEMS

The skin should be considered as any other organ, and is susceptible to a variety of problems.

Diet & Lifestyle

The skin is the biggest organ in the body, and is affected greatly by lifestyle and nutrition. Whilst topical creams and potions attempt to correct damage at the skin's surface, nutrients work from the inside out. Adequate sleep and water intake is necessary for healthy skin, as is careful choice of products applied to the skin (e.g. creams, soaps, washing powder).

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Stomach Ulcers

Stomach ulcers are open sores on the inside of the stomach lining. Most are caused by bacterial infection (Helicobacter pylori) and are treated with antibiotics.

Diet & Lifestyle

Lifestyle may aggravate ulcers, but it is not the main causative factor. Stress, smoking, alcohol, aspirin and coffee should be limited. A high fibre diet fed to recently-healed patients reduced ulcer recurrence by half.

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Stress

Stress refers to emotional, rather than physical, pressure. However, the two often overlap (as in illness, pregnancy or physical tiredness). In response to stress, the adrenal glands release hormones that prime the body for action by raising blood pressure and heart rate. Since this stress-response is rarely released by "fight or flight", this causes ulcers, asthma, atherosclerosis, fatigue, depression and insomnia.

Diet & Lifestyle

Powerful emotions (such as hate and anxiety) ruin the appetite. Stress management techniques are essential if the cause of the stress can not be removed. Regular exercise will help in dissipating stress hormones, and a healthy diet is essential to ensure the digestive system, in particular, is kept healthy.

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SUNBURN PREVENTION

Sunburn occurs when ultraviolet light (sunlight) causes the production of free radicals in the skin which cause damage.

Diet & Lifestyle

Even mild sunburn should be avoided. There is evidence that occasional accidental sunburn increases the risk of cancer more than constant, careful exposure to the sun. Sun-safe habits include covering up (long sleeved clothing), wearing a hat, and using a high protection-factor sun-block. Antioxidant nutrients vitamin C, vitamin E, beta carotene and selenium can be used to increase the body’s defence against free radical damage.

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TENDONITIS AND BURSITIS

Tendonitis (tennis elbow, frozen shoulder) is inflammation of a tendon, whilst bursitis is inflammation of the fluid-filled sac that surrounds a joint. Both of these conditions usually result from either a sudden or repetitive strain, or an infection.

Diet & Lifestyle

Treatment involves removing the cause of the injury and clearing up any infection. Calcium deposits sometimes build up and surgery may be necessary to remove these.

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THRUSH

Candidiasis (“thrush”) is a term used to describe overgrowth of Candida, a yeast-like organism. Candida is normally kept under control by \"friendly\" bacteria in the intestinal tract, but can overgrow under certain conditions. This can occur due to antibiotics, the contraceptive pill, pregnancy, high dietary intake of sugar, or stress. The symptoms include thrush, fluid retention, muscle aches, frequent infections, depression, chronic aches and allergies. Anti-fungal agents may be appropriate for severe cases, but are only a short-term solution.

Diet & Lifestyle

A balanced healthy diet is recommended, including garlic, olive oil, fresh vegetables, wholegrains, oily fish and eggs; meat and poultry should be included in moderation. Sugar, refined foods, alcohol, tea, coffee, smoked/pickled meat or fish products, fermented foods, artificial additives and wherever possible, milk, should be avoided.

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TINNITUS

Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) is an extremely common problem with many different causes. It is more widespread after the age of forty years, and can be regarded as a natural hazard of modern life and ageing. As yet, there is no cure since it is not the symptom of any single disorder but is likely to be due to a number of factors (e.g. excessive exposure to loud sounds, food allergies and stress).

Diet & Lifestyle

There is little evidence to suggest that diet can influence tinnitus. If stress is a contributory factor, relaxation and stress management techniques may be useful.

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VARICOSE VEINS

Varicose veins are enlarged uncomfortable veins which are generally just below the skin surface on the legs. Up to half of all adults are affected by this condition. Veins are thin-walled vessels that if put under too much pressure and unsupported by surrounding tissues, will gradually become stretched. Contributing factors include standing for long hours, constipation, heavy lifting and pregnancy.

Diet & Lifestyle

A high fibre diet is essential to avoid constipation and straining; varicose veins are rare in populations who have high fibre intakes. Standing for long periods should be avoided if possible. Exercise such as walking and cycling can help. When resting, legs should be raised, and not crossed.

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